Bar plots of the fold-change in firing rate from baseline and running with congruent visual flow (lime), visual flow alone (orange), visual flow with congruent passive translation (blue), and running with congruent visual flow and translation (locomotion; purple) for both the model VISp neuron (open bars) and the experimental dataset (filled bars). The dark gray open bar represents the increase in activity when the speed of translation and visual flow are greater than running during locomotion with visual flow, as predicted by the model. The dotted horizontal line represents the model neuron response during locomotion. Vertical lines represent SEM. Related toFigures S1,S3, andS4.