Compositional differences in faecal microbiota over time. Bray-Curtis non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of beta-diversity of the faecal microbiota of Welsh ponies at the farm (D0–D13-1), during hospitalisation without treatment (D14–D21), during hospitalisation and treatment with TMS (D22–D26) and after discharge from the hospital (short-term follow-up D27–D34) up until 6 months after hospitalisation and antimicrobial treatment (long-term follow-up D41–D211). Overall, PERMANOVA and pairwise PERMANOVA indicate significant differences between all groups ( p <0.001), with six out of ten comparisons having significant differences in beta dispersion ( p <0.05)