Phylogenetic tree modified from Wing and Hickey’s 20 cladistic analysis of 30 leaf, fruit, inflorescence, and pollen characters scored for extant and extinct taxa (the latter omitted here), with Rhoiptelea , Myricaceae, and Fagaceae as outgroups. For the results of four more recent morphological-cladistic analyses see main text and Supplementary Fig. 17 . Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk. is here treated as Pterocarya paliurus following 22 , 98 , and Alfaropsis roxburghiana (Wall.) Iljinsk. is treated as Engelhardia roxburghiana (compare Supplementary Fig. 16 ). The fruit photos are not to scale, and the Mya scale is based on the oldest fossil occurrences of the respective genera, but without a formal analysis.
