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Schematic representation of the ssrA to speA genomic region in M1 S. pyogenes genotypes. ssrA in ancestral M1 S. pyogenes (SF370) comprises two Rho-independent transcriptional terminators (T1 and T2). Palindromic sequences of Rho-independent terminators that form a stem loop in T1 and T2 are underlined. speA -phage integration site in M1 global genotypes (5448) occurs between T1 and T2 at the bacterial prophage attachment site ( attB ). The genomic location of the 5’ ssrA SNP (+5 G > C) in M1 UK is indicated by a black triangle. T2 was reintroduced into the M1 UK background to study transcriptional read-through in SP1380 T2 . Two point mutations were introduced into T1 of the M1 global strain 5448 (5448 T1-GC>CG ) to assess the effect of ssrA leader sequence and T1 stem structure base pairing on transcriptional read-through.

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