Phylogenetic topology and divergence times of 107 major fish taxa. The different habitat depth ranges of these taxa are indicated using five colors: orange, brown, green, blue, and purple. Red Latin names denote the new deep-sea fish samples sequenced in this study. The fish taxa, including those found at depths of 3,000 m or more, are categorized into eight major deep-sea lineages (highlighted with a gray background). The classification names of these major fish lineages are labeled in blue and black fonts, indicating their respective orders or clades. Red lines mark two significant historical marine mass extinction events: the most recent Cretaceous global oceanic anoxic events (OAE2, 94-96 Ma) and the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (K-PG extinction event, ~66 Ma).
