Correlating promoter strength and recording efficiency. The left shows bulk sequencing. GFP fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry analysis. See g for the corresponding colors. The P value was calculated using linear regression analysis, n = 12. The right shows colony sequencing and single-cell sequencing from one culture with the strongest J23119 promoter. a.u., arbitrary units. Values in b , d and f represent the mean and standard deviation of independent experiments starting from three separate colonies. Each dot for colony sequencing or single-cell DNA sequencing represents one of 20 sequenced colonies or single cells in the biological replicate. The dot plot is representative of independent experiments starting from three separate colonies. See the representative plots and gates associated with single-cell DNA sequencing in Extended Data Fig. 2b . * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, NS (not significant) P > 0.05. P values were calculated using a two-tailed Student’s t -test with unequal variance.