Steady-state activation and inactivation curves of the wild-type (WT) Ca V 2.3 (black), VSD II 4Q (pink), and Ca V 2.3 4G (green). To examine the voltage dependence of activation, HEK 293-T cells expressing the Ca V 2.3 complex were tested by 200-ms depolarizing pulses between –60 and 50 mV from a holding potential of –100 mV, in 10-mV increments. To determine inactivation curves, cells were stepped from a holding potential of –100 mV to pre-pulse potentials between –100 and –15 mV in 5-mV increments for 10 s. Activation curve, Ca V 2.3 WT, n = 14; VSD II 4Q , n = 7; Ca V 2.3 4G , n = 11. Steady-state inactivation curve, Ca V 2.3 WT, n = 9; VSD II 4Q , n = 7; Ca V 2.3 4G , n = 9.