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Arabidopsis has three NADK isoforms: AtNADK13. Cytosolic AtNADK1 and peroxisomal AtNADK3 can use both NAD+and NADH, although their preferred substrate is NADH. In humans, there are two NADK isoforms, cytoplasmic hNADK1 and mitochondrial hNADK2, both of which prefer NAD+as a substrate. As Arabidopsis mitochondria lack NADK activity, cytosolic NADP+may be transported into mitochondria through as-yet-unidentified transporters to supply mitochondrial cellular metabolism. Likewise, NADKs are absent from peroxisomes in human cells, so cytosolic NADP+may enter peroxisomes via an unknown transporter.

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