Left—photo-enhanced batteries. These batteries are charged under illuminated conditions by constant current, with the increase in capacity upon illumination recorded. Center—photo-assisted batteries. Here, the battery is held at a certain voltage and illuminated, with an increased current and capacity recorded. Right—photo-rechargeable batteries. Here, 0 V is applied between the anode and cathode (or they are short-circuited), and then the battery is illuminated. The current and capacity upon illumination are recorded.
