The elevation from Tasmania to New England is indicated by a thin black line and the shaded area beneath it. The solid blue line indicates the approximate lower limit of the periglacial zone, and the dashed blue line indicates the equilibrium line altitude for glaciers during the LGM. Sites are plotted by latitude (S) and elevation in metres above sea level (Supplementary Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1 ). Holocene sites are marked with a black triangle. Late Pleistocene sites (black circle) are numerically labelled: (1) Bone Cave, (2) Stone Cave, (3) Nunamira Cave, (4) Tiata Mara Kominya, (5) ORS 7, (6) Birrigai, (7) Kings Table, (8) Lyrebird Dell, (9) Walls Cave and (10) Dargan Shelter. Glacial and periglacial limit data are from refs. 19 and 47 .
