Violin Plot from Scientific Research

Violin plots of the negative log-likelihood of each model given each participant’s responses. The coloured circles represent the mean negative log-likelihood for each participant computed across tenfold cross-validation, while the white circle indicates the mean across all participants. The solid vertical black bar represents the interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles). The negative log-likelihood of the counterfactual model was significantly lower than that of the other models in capturing participants’ choice patterns (left-tailed t -test, counterfactual versus optimal: P = 5.002 10 5 , counterfactual versus postdictive: P = 2.646 10 5 , counterfactual versus hierarchical: P < 0.001, n = 47). The outlier with a large negative log-likelihood corresponds to the participant with a large timing variability (outlier in c with w > 0.3).

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