Plausible computational strategies to solve the H-maze task. Each strategy involves potential decisions (arrows) regarding specific hypotheses (dashed boxes). The symbols inside mazes indicate the arm segments under evaluation. Top left: the optimal model, which decides on the basis of the joint likelihood of the two time intervals. Top right: the hierarchical model, which first chooses left versus right on the basis of the first time interval, and then the corresponding up versus down using the second time interval. Bottom right: the postdictive model, which behaves similarly to the hierarchical model with the key difference that it chooses the horizontal arm postdictively using both time intervals. Bottom left: the counterfactual model. This model behaves similarly to the hierarchical model but can revise its leftright decision if the likelihoods for both vertical arms under consideration are below a threshold.
