Simulated kinetics of ATP (brown) and H2PO4- (blue) as feeding and waste molecules, respectively, in a simulated transcription reaction under an active thermal gradient. ATP was introduced in the trap at a concentration of 1 mM under the same fluid flow as in previous experiments and simulations. H2PO4- , which is present in the trap before the start of the flow, is simultaneously removed from the trap by the continuous fluid flow at the top of the chamber and produced from ATP throughout the trap corresponding to the concentration of the TX-TL reaction. A stable state is reached after 800 h, in which H2PO4- is produced at the same rate as it is removed. On the other hand, ATP is continuously accumulating in the chamber and retained against the fluid flow.
