Within-species subclade clustering obtained via Anpan analysis with CRC as the outcome of interest. Here, we highlighted two examples of Lachnospira eligens and E. rectale (full model results from Anpan in Supplementary Table 10 ) exhibiting phylogenetically distinct subclades associated with CRC or healthy individuals. For each cladogram, the inner ring is colored by CRC or control, tips are colored by stage and the outer ring is the mean posterior phylogenetic effect as calculated by Anpan’s phylogenetic generalized linear mixed model (PGLMM) model with covariates of age, sex and study.