Inter-subject similarity of latent space representations and observed SC and FC data, stratified by family relationship. Each violin plot shows the distribution of inter-subject similarity for age- and sex-matched pairs for each familial relationship (n = 60 sibling pairs, 26 DZ, 58 MZ), as well as unrelated pairs (n = 8,694) and self-retest (n = 37). Due to the high baseline similarity in observed data, latent and observed data similarity measures were independently z-scored by the mean and standard deviation of the similarity of unrelated subjects for visual comparison. Separability of each pair of violins within a modality was computed as the area under the ROC curve. Separability estimates for a given relationship pair from the latent space and observed data were statistically compared using a permutation test, where bars show family-level pairs where latent space separability exceeds observed data separability (P perm = 0 to 0.015, two-sided permutation test, 10,000 permutations, FDR-corrected across 30 comparisons).
