Electrophoretic characterization of the LAC12aGE-induced in vitro editing of the Cyan fluorescent protein gene fragment. Panel I, Electrophoresis-separated products of the intact LAC12aGE machinery-edited Cyan fluorescent protein gene fragment, compared to a set of control systems. Panel II, Time-dependent electrophoretic cleaved products generated upon subjecting the Cyan fluorescent protein gene to the LAC12aGE machinery. Neg., negative control using Cas12a in the absence of crRNACyan. Pos., positive control using Cas12a and wt-crRNACyan. Panel III, Time-dependent cleavage efficiency of theCyangene by the LAC12aGE machinery. The DNA cleavage efficiency (%) was calculated as 100% [1-(1-fraction cleaved)1/2], where fraction cleaved is equal to the concentration of the cleaved DNA divided by the total concentration of DNA.