Box plots showing the CWM trait distribution values for tropical American (AM), African (AF) and Asian (AS) forests, extracted from the spatial predictions. The horizontal black lines depict the median CWM trait value and vertical lines show the whiskers extending to the largest CWM trait value or not further than 1.5 times the interquartile range. For visualization purposes, we excluded the extreme lowest and highest 1% of values in the maps in a and outliers in b . C L , leaf carbon concentration; Ca L , leaf calcium concentration; N L , leaf nitrogen concentration; P L , leaf phosphorus concentration. For statistical model results, see Supplementary Table 1 . For the significance of differences between CWM trait mean values, obtained using a t -test with Bonferroni correction, see Supplementary Table 2 .
