Conceptual figures demonstrating how female fitness gain curves depend on the resource status of an individual based on the study of P. alpina. Relationship of the projected reproductive success and sex allocation to the male function along the hypothetical trade-off lines a, b, and c for individuals of low, medium, and high resource status, respectively, were extracted from Figures 4A4C. Sex allocation in terms of maleness was calculated by dividing the stamen number by the sum of stamen and pistil numbers. (C) Inferred optimal sex-allocation strategies changed from predominantly male-biased toward highly female-biased for individuals with low and high resource status, respectively. Note that the slope of the trade-off lines is conceptual because we do not know the linearity and the actual trade-off ratio relating female to male units of allocation.
