Forest Plot from Scientific Research

For each study, the black square represents the effect size (standardized mean difference, Hedges’ g ), and the horizontal bars represent the 95% CI. The size of the black squares is proportional to the sample size of the given RCT. The diamond denotes the 95% CI of the pooled effect across the N = 42 independent RCTs, and the error bars of the diamond denote the corresponding 95% PI. Positive (negative) Hedges’ g values indicate a higher (lower) efficacy regarding behaviour change (that is, a larger increase in desired behaviour and a larger decrease in undesired behaviour) in the SC-BCT arms than in the active control condition arms.

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