Left: body map showing aggregation of chronic pain sites to depict a phenotype based on the number of self-reported pain sites (that is, anatomical pain spread), ranging from 1 to 4 or more distinct sites. Right: violin plots illustrate the distribution of test set ROC-AUC scores across five iterations of fivefold CV (25 total AUC scores) for models classifying chronic pain spread versus pain-free individuals. Below, bar plots indicate the frequency of each pain spread phenotype in modality-specific models. Ha, headache; F, facial; N/S, neck or shoulder; S/A, stomach or abdominal; B, back; Hp, hip; K, knee. The asterisk denotes a Bonferroni-corrected P value of less than 0.05.
