A scatterplot showing the comparison of AUC scores between the best biological and psychosocial modalities for each pain diagnosis, with points coloured according to the best biological modality and labelled by diagnosis. The point size reflects the absolute AUC score difference, highlighting the discrimination discrepancy between biological and psychosocial factors for each diagnosis. Adjacent Venn diagrams depict unique and shared deviance explained ( D 2 ), such as pain diagnoses (for example, RA and fibromyalgia) and self-reported chronic pain by the best biological (left circle) and psychosocial modality (right circle), with overlaps shown in the centre. Corresponding stacked bar plots display the same D 2 information, with each segment colour-coded by modality. Ha, headache; F, facial; N/S, neck or shoulder; S/A, stomach or abdominal; B, back; Hp, hip; K, knee; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; Dx, diagnosis; Infl., inflammatory; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Psych. - Bio. AUC, area under the curve difference between psychosocial and biological predictors.