Illustration from Scientific Research

HBH model on two leg ladders, parameterized by a real-valued tunnel coupling J along the leg direction, complex-valued tunnel coupling K e i r φ along the rung direction and a repulsive on-site interaction U . Here r is the rung index, and l = 1 and 2 indexes the leg. Persistent particle currents emerge due to the synthetic magnetic field (middle ladder, blue arrows).

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