Pairwise comparison of the number of substitutions shared between whole-genome sequences of normal biopsies, according to whether they possess the same NF1 second hit. The black line represents the interquartile range. The black dot is the median. P values were generated using one-sided permutation tests ( Methods ). ‘ n ’ refers to the number of pairwise comparisons, not samples. The CNS and MES groups exclude normal tissues with a second NF1 hit.