Evolutionary relationship tree of hub microorganisms. The phylogenetic tree, constructed via the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), encompasses 556 hub mOTUs. From the inside to the outside, the size of the star nodes in the innermost ring indicates the importance of each microorganism as determined by random forest analysis. The second ring depicts the clustering of microorganisms into four distinct modules: M0, M1, M2, and M3. The third ring illustrates the taxonomic classification of these microorganisms at the kingdom level, identifying members from Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, and viruses. The outermost ring represents the geographical sampling sites, showing the distribution of these key microorganisms across different locations
