Study design for measuring instructional clarity. The coding intervals were 3 min long, so that three observations were submitted before every beep. This resulted in 27 observations per lecture. The first digit denoted the week, the second digit the timing of the beep in a lecture and the third digit the timing of the coding interval before a beep. For example, the abbreviation t123 represented the coding interval no. 3 (immediately before the beep) in the first week at the second beep. This observation was linked with the ESM survey of group B. While it marked the first beep for group B, within the lecture it was the second.
