Schedule of ESM surveys rotated over three groups, so that each lesson got nine measurement time points, whereas each person was only surveyed three times per lesson. Shown is the design for the measurement of students' momentary motivation. There were three groups with alternating beeping schedules. Per lesson, there were nine ESM measurement time points, three per group and person (e.g. during a 90-minute lecture, group A was interviewed at minute 10, 37 and 64; group B at minute 19, 46 and 73 and group C at minute 28, 55 and 82). The signalling schedule was rotated across the sessions. Illustration adapted from Moeller et al. (2020).
