Illustration from Scientific Research

Examples of multi-drive MMBs and MNBs that can be classified based on the propulsion mechanisms they combined. In this regard, they can be categorized as biologicalphysical, biologicalchemical, and chemicalphysical bots. As an example of biologicalphysical MMBs, magnetotactic bacteria[213]are depicted, which enjoy their natural flagella movements and can be guided by the magnetic field due to the presence of magnetosomes in their structures. To exemplify chemicalbiological MMBs, twin-engine self-diffusiophoretic macrophage-based MMBs[139]are shown. These bots are prepared from Janus yeast, whose half of its surface is covered with enzymes, and enjoy in situ switching to the macrophage engine in Peyer's patch. Finally, the bubble-based magnetic MMBs[214,231]are demonstrated as an illustration of chemicalphysical bots.

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