Line Plot from Scientific Research

Lifting force as a function of vertical displacement for PMMA rigid substrates with different surface roughness (measured using root mean square height Sq). As the roughness of the substrate increases, air leakage increases, resulting in lower vacuum pressure inside the deformed chamber, which means that a larger deformation is needed to reach a given lifting force. All tests were conducted at a vertical speed of s = 0.2 mm s-1. The plots show mean SD (shaded area) for N = 3 trials for each substrate roughness.

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