Details of listed studies are in theappendix (pp 23–28). Intervention-level stratifications are environmental, individual, and multilevel. Pooled effect sizes were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method within a random-effects meta-analysis model. Mean differences (95% CIs) in step count are shown between the intervention and control groups. Squares represent the effect sizes for each study, with their size proportional to the study's weight in the analysis. Study weight reflects each study's contribution to the overall pooled estimate, determined by inverse variance weighting in the random-effects model. Size refers to the total sample size (intervention and control groups) for each evaluation. Components specifies the intervention components included (table): A—self-monitoring, B—psychosocial, C—exercise, D—digital reminders, $—financial incentives, E—sit-to-stand workstation, F—active workstation, G—active building design, H—visual prompts, I—interpersonal or social strategy, O—organisational strategy. Weeks represents the duration of the intervention in weeks. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using theI2statistic (percentage of total variation due to heterogeneity), τ2(variance of true effect sizes), and Cochran's Q statistic (p≤0·05 indicates significant heterogeneity). The test of θ=0 evaluates whether the overall effect size significantly differs from zero (indicating no effect).
00038-6%2Ffig3_a.webp&w=1920&q=75 "Learn How to Make Forest Plot for Your Research Paper")