Network skeleton and nodes (tip nodes (red), branch nodes (orange) and anastomosis nodes (green)) extracted are shown at three timepoints spanning 72 h. Magnified typical image frames; the observed maximum speeds from example videos of bidirectional cytoplasmic flows are shown. The directionality and speed of flows are illustrated by arrows. The larger arrows represent faster speeds; the green arrows point towards the root; and the purple arrows point away from the root. Scale bars, 10 mm (left) and 10 μm (right).
