The luminaires considered include light bulbs, spotlights and recessed lights. Red curved and dashed lines represent average retail sales prices and price projections for LED-based luminaires published by the US Department of Energy (DOE) 97 . Shown for reference are the average prices for compact fluorescent (CFL) and incandescent light bulbs, with the latter assumed constant based on the average in the covered time period. Note that DOE price data (both historical reports and projections) are for traditional A19 light bulbs and do not include sales tax, placing them at the lower end of the retail price distribution. Individual data points capture price data for a broader range of luminaire types, many of which are more expensive than the traditional A19 light bulb. Source: own synthesis of the historical inflation-adjusted sales price data (in 2020 US dollars) for the EU, UK and US markets, collected from various consumer watchdog databases and publications. Supplementary Note 6 provides the full list of data sources and references.
