Three competing spherical models adhering to cardinal orientations (horizontal and vertical) in the central retina, viewed in the visual space around the animal (C, E, and G) and projected onto the retina (D, F, and H). Orientation selectivity (OS) preferences of orientation-selective ganglion cells (OSGCs) would follow two longitudinal fields, rotated by 90, with the fields being either both longitudinal (i.e., a longitudinal geometry model, C and D), both latitudinal (i.e., a latitudinal geometry model, E and F), or one longitudinal and one latitudinal (i.e., a hybrid geometry model, G and H).
