MR suggests causal association of LV contractility (exposure) with HCM, oHCM and nHCM (outcomes), where increased contractility increases disease risk. Genetic instruments for LV contractility were selected from the present GWAS of LVEF and LV strain in the radial (strain_rad), longitudinal (strain_long) and circumferential (strain_circ) directions in 36,083 participants of the UKB without cardiomyopathy and with available CMR. To facilitate interpretation of effect directions, OR for strain_circ and strain_long reflect those of increased contractility (more negative strain_circ and strain_long values). The outcome HCM GWAS included 5,900 HCM cases versus 68,359 controls. Of those, 964 cases and 27,163 controls were included in the oHCM GWAS and 2,491 cases and 27,109 were included in the nHCM GWAS. Note a logarithmic scale in the x axis. In both panels, filled circles represent the OR per s.d. increase inferred from the IVW two-sample MR. Error bars represent the 95% CI of the OR.
