Schematic diagram illustrating how NbPrf mediates resistance to different Phytophthora pathogens by surveilling conserved RXLRs. During infection, the non-adapted pathogen P. sojae secretes the effector AvrNb (brownish-yellow) to suppress plant PTI. The adapted pathogens P. infestans and P. capsici secrete the structurally homologous effectors PITG_14685 and PcRXLR25 (blue), respectively. The immune receptor NbPrf (red-yellow) can mediate recognition of all three effectors and activate downstream immune signaling through the NRC2/3 helper proteins (light green), making P. sojae a non-adapted pathogen in N. benthamiana. However, although P. infestans and P. capsici contain AvrNbL effectors, these adapted pathogens likely deploy additional effectors that suppress NbPrf-NRC2/3-mediated immunity, ultimately enabling them to successfully colonize N. benthamiana.
