The effects on information gain by sequentially adding each of the four mechanisms in each layer. For example, the increase in height from the brown to the blue bars indicates the positive contribution of manifold shrinkage to encoded stimulus information. Manifold shrinkage significantly increases the information (one-sided paired t -test, all t (3) > 12.1, all P < 0.001); signal rotation significantly increases the information (one-sided paired t -test, all t (3) > 5.2, all P < 0.006); manifold warping significantly decreases the information (one-sided paired t -test, all t (3) > 4.3, all P < 0.01). See full statistical results in Supplementary Table 5.
