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Insights into the dynamic landscape of the regulatory effects of genomic variants across diverse biological contexts (for example, sex and developmental stage) can advance our understanding of how genetics, development and sex interact with complex phenotypes. Identified causal variants and genes for complex traits and diseases can be used in precision animal breeding via gene editing and synthetic biology. Determining the genetic control of molecular phenotypes in global farmed animal breeds and their wild progenitors and congeners can enable us to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie domestication and local environmental adaptation. Comparative analyses of farmed animals and humans across multiple biological layers can help to develop suitable animal models for studying human biology, disease and xenotransplantation.

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