CD4 + T cells were cultured for 1 h in the presence or absence of plate-bound anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in medium in which different proportions of NaCl were replaced with L-glucose ( b ) or where the NaCl was replaced with Na gluconate ( c ), in both cases maintaining isotonicity. Note that the medium contains Na + and Cl - from other constituents other than NaCl. Graphs show percentage p-ERK high cells (b, n = 6).
