Symbols used to represent the nature of the relationships explored in the studies, based on direction of effect. Upward-facing diagonal arrow indicates a positive relationship between the variable examined in the study and inflation, suggesting that as inflation increases, the associated health-related risk factor or outcome also increases. Downward-facing diagonal arrow denotes a negative relationship between the variable examined in the study and inflation, suggesting that as inflation increases, the associated health-risk factor or outcome also decreases. signifies no discernible relationship between the variable examined in the study and inflation. The number of arrows in each box denotes the number of studies where a relationship was measured.
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