Stacked Bar Plot from Scientific Research

H2demand by year is modeled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2050 scenario2; SMR CO2intensity is assumed to be 9 kg CO2produced per kg H2.1Here, refining refers to oil refining; industry refers to chemicals, iron/steel, and other industry sectors according to the IEA NZE; transport refers to road, aviation, and maritime shipping; and power/heat refer to gas blending, electricity generation, and building consumption, in accordance with the IEA NZE. The required CCS capacity is also large: much higher than the current (45 MtCO2/year) and projected global CCS capacity in 2030 (383 MtCO2/year).6

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