Stacked Bar Plot from Scientific Research

Per-km CO2e emissions from ICEs and BESs by capacity tier. As capacity tier decreases, per-km CO2e emissions from BESs also decrease due to smaller batteries in lower-capacity-tier ships. Battery manufacturing emissions as a share of total BES CO2e emissions decrease for lower-capacity tiers, with values of about 53%, 26%, 19% and 15% for capacity tiers BESp100, BESp99, BESp95 and BESp90, respectively, in 2035 under the DEC50 scenario.

DOI