Half-violin plots showing the distribution of alleles in different populations (African 12,786, American 5,674, East Asian 1,266, European 59,568, South Asian 2,882) for 10 loci ( Methods ) from the combined 100K GP and TOPMed cohorts. The box plots highlight the interquartile range and median, and the black dots show values outside 1.5 times the interquartile range. The red dots mark the 99.9th percentile for each population and locus. The vertical bars indicate the intermediate and pathogenic allele thresholds (Supplementary Table 20 ). Predicted ancestries are abbreviated as follows: AFR, African; AMR, American; EAS, East Asian; EUR, European; SAS, South Asian.