Stacked bar chart showing the cumulative percentage of channel-specific image tiles affected by visual artifacts per TOPACIO specimen. Note that, because these data represent cumulative percentages across imaging channels, the total y -axis percentage may supersede 100%. Inset shows an example illumination aberration in the CD163 channel of TOPACIO specimen 73. Categories for tissue biopsy method and patient treatment response are indicated below each specimen. Artifacts were less abundant in tissue resections compared to fine-needle and punch-needle biopsies as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by pairwise Tukey’s HSD ( F = 10.27, P = 0.0007; fine-needle versus resection mean difference 204.83, P adj = 0.0145; resection versus punch-needle mean difference -283.0, P adj = 0.0029).
