Drug sensitivity score (DSS) 32 distributions of the top-15 drugs predicted as the least effective monotherapies by each model for individual patients ( n = 12). For each patient, 15 technical replicates (top-15 drugs) were compared between models using two-sided pairwise Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, with p -values adjusted for the False Discovery Rate (FDR) with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. *a model’s predictions are significantly different ( p < 0.05) compared to that of at least one of the two other methods; **a model’s predictions show a significant difference ( p < 0.05) when compared to both of the alternative methods. Box plots show the median (central line), 25th and 75th percentiles (box edges), and the range within 1.5 times the interquartile range from the box (whiskers).