Relative ATPase activities of chABCD3 and mutants in the detergent of LMNG + CHS with 2 mM ATP upon addition of phytanoyl-CoA. The relative activity represents the substrate-stimulated ATPase activity of chABCD3 or its variants each harboring a single mutation in the residues at the substrate-binding site. Each data point is the average of three independent experiments, and error bars represent the means +/- SD. Student’s t -test was used for the comparison of the phytanoyl-CoA-stimulated ATPase activites between WT chABCD3 and its variants. The P values of E111A, K322A, Y330A are 0.0000802, 0.0000169, and 0.000278, respectively. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.