Monthly boxplots of subsurface phytoplankton carbon integrated concentrations. In all panels, the centre line is the median, boxes represent the interquartile range (25th to 75th percentiles), whiskers 1.5x interquartile range and diamond points are the outliers beyond this range. See Methods for details on the computation of the MLD, BVF and column integrations. Depth integration was done from the surface to 1.5 times the euphotic depth (1.5x Z p ) (Methods). See Extended Data Fig. 1 for monthly boxplots based on concentrations instead of integrated stocks, which reveal similar seasonal cycles. See Extended Data Figs. 7 and 9 for the entire time series for MLD, mean BVF, integrated Chl- a and POC model results, and C:Chl ratios. See Supplementary Table 3 for the number of profiles and values per month used to calculate each boxplot.
