Mutations were made in the proposed interface of SurA and BamA POTRA-1 and the resulting plasmids used to complement strains in which surA is deleted. Complemented strains were grown in the presence of vancomycin (50 μg/ml) to measure OM permeability defects. Representative growths of bacteria ( ΔsurA ) complemented with plasmids expressing WT SurA, untransformed control (ΔsurA), SurA( Δ 23-28), or proline substitutions in residues 25 or 26 of SurA. (Expression levels of SurA in these strains are shown in Supplementary Fig 2a and representative growths in the absence of vancomycin are shown in Supplementary Fig 2b ).