Left, snapshots of systems with arrested treadmilling at early (leftmost column) and late (rightmost column) times in simulations (same kinetic parameters as in b and in HS-AFM experiments). Right, steady-state nematic order S for treadmilling and non-treadmilling systems. Bars and dots indicate the average for t > 600 s ( N = 10 replicas in simulations: n = 600 data points in simulations, n = 28 data points for treadmilling experiments and n = 48 for arrested treadmilling experiments), and error bars indicate the standard deviation. In experiments, ‘treadmilling’ corresponds to wild-type data and ‘arrested treadmilling’ to the L169R mutant. Unless stated otherwise, simulation data corresponds to r on = 8 s -1 , (tau)det = 15 s and r nuc = 1 s -1 for l p = 10 μm and D = 100 nm 2 s -1 . Scale bars, 500 nm.