Representative traces of Ca 2+ imaging observed after positive voltage bias stimulation of astrocytes, starting at time t ≈ 25 s from the beginning of the experiment (insets to panels 1) plated on rGO–ITO-coated electrodes. Different panels refer to the different conditions of the cells exposed to standard bath solution (CTRL, 1) and solution without extracellular Ca 2+ (NO EXT-Ca 2+ , 2) and in the presence of VGCC inhibitor verapamil (VERAP, 25 μM, 3), TRPV4 inhibitor RN-1734 (RN, 10 μM, 4), TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031 (HC, 40 μM, 5), IP 3 receptor pathway inhibitor 2-aminoethoxy diphenyl borate (2-APB, 100 μM, 6), SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 10 μM, 7), RyR activator caffeine (CAFF, 20 mM, 8), RyR inhibitor ryanodine (RYAN, 50 μM, 9), G q –PLC inhibitor U73122 (0.5 μM, 10) and G i/o inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX, 500 ng ml -1 , 11).
