Combined influence of 57% detection efficiency and trajectory uncertainties on the non-random cases (arbitrary input, α = 0.039) at kNN = 7. The SRO values are small across c and e, with the background colour near clear (white). The depth and lateral resolutions represent the standard deviation of Gaussian noise applied across the x – y (lateral) plane and z (depth) direction. The absolute values of the SRO are presented. The white dashed line indicates a contour where | α | ≤ 0.00022, the SRO threshold below which it is impossible to distinguish between random and non-random situations. This contour occurs at a lateral noise value of 0.95 nm in d and 0.85 nm in f. These tests have been repeated 100 times with similar trends. The standard deviation of these tests is plotted in Supplementary Fig. 1.