Illustration from Scientific Research

Schematic of axisymmetric two-layer model of a ciliated duct. The cilia are homogenized into an isotropic porous ring layer with height h /2, specific fluid fraction φ , cilia fraction φ c = 1 − φ , Brinkman drag coefficient K c = κ φ c and active force density f c = f φ φ c . The cilia are inside a duct with diameter H .

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